The Indonesian Second Person Terms of Address Used by Undergraduate Students of Petra Christian University in Social Network Sites and Face-To-Face Interaction Towards Their Intimate and Distant Friends

The study deals with Indonesian second person terms of address used in social network sites and face-to-face interaction. The purpose of the study was to observe the use of Indonesian second person terms of address used by the respondents to address their intimate and distant friends when they communicated in social network sites and face-to-face interaction. The findings showed that there were 7 of 10 categories of Indonesian second person terms of address used by the respondents towards their intimate and distant friends in social network sites and face-to-face interaction. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the use of the Indonesian second person terms of address used by the respondents in social network sites and face-to-face interaction toward their intimate and distant friend

The Analysis of Two Esl/efl Websites: Englishclub and Activities for Esl Students

This study reviewed two well known ESL/EFL websites namely EnglishClub and Activities for ESL Students using the website evaluation framework proposed by Hasan and Abuelrub (2011). The writers found that Activities for ESL Students met 79.92% of the website evaluation criteria with 211 of the total score; while EnglishClub met 79.54% of the website evaluation criteria with 210 of the total score. Thus there was no significant difference between these two websites. Both EnglishClub and Activities for ESL Students are good for ESL/EFL learner

The Representation of Cultural Content in Global Elementary Coursebook

This study was to find out the types of cultural content source found in the reading and listening texts presented in Global elementary coursebook (2012) and the similarities and differences of the types of cultural content source found in those texts. The data were analyzed using the theory of types of cultural content source proposed by Matsuda (2012). The findings of this study showed that the reading texts met 54.9% of global culture, 35.3% of target culture, and 9.8% of local culture while the listening texts met 72.5% of global culture, 25% of target culture, and 2.5% of local culture. All in all, as proposed by Matsuda (2012), a good coursebook is the one that has multiple sources of cultural content; and Global elementary coursebook fulfills this criterion as it has three types of cultural content source

The Evaluation of When English Rings a Bell (Revised Edition): Teachers' Perspectives

This study was done to find out the teachers` opinions regarding the coursebook, When English Rings A Bell (revised edition), in terms of (1) the coursebook`s language content, (2) the presentation of English skills in the coursebook, and (3) the coursebook`s topic, subject content, and social values. The data of this study was the teachers` written and/or oral answers of the questions used as the evaluation guidelines as proposed by Cunningsworth (1995). The teachers stated that (a) the topics, (b) subjects content, and (c) social and cultural values presented in the coursebook were appropriate to the Indonesian people`s way of life by not differentiating in gender. In addition, although the book provided practices for all English skills, the book should include additional material to support them, for instance, recorded material on a cassette for listening practices. The book did not also include all language contents as proposed by Cuningsworth (1995)

Limits on the cosmic-ray ionization rate toward massive young stars

Recent models of the envelopes of seven massive protostars are used to analyze observations of H3+ infrared absorption and H13CO+ submillimeter emission lines toward these stars, and to constrain the cosmic-ray ionization rate zeta. The H13CO+ gives best-fit values of zeta=(2.6+/- 1.8) x 10^-17 s^-1, in good agreement with diffuse cloud models and with recent Voyager/Pioneer data but factors of up to 7 lower than found from the H3+ data. No relation of zeta with luminosity or total column density is found, so that local (X-ray) ionization and shielding against cosmic rays appear unimportant for these sources. The difference between the H3+ and H13CO+ results and the correlation of N(H3+) with heliocentric distance suggest that intervening clouds contribute significantly to the H3+ absorptions in the more distant regions. The most likely absorbers are low-density (<~10^4 cm^-3) clouds with most carbon in neutral form or in CO.Comment: To be published in A&A 358 (Letters); 4 pages including 3 figure

A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs

Background: Alcohol use in adolescents constitutes a major public health concern. Europe is the heaviest drinking region of the world. Several school-based alcohol prevention programs have been developed but it is not clear whether they are really effective. The present study was aimed at identifying the typology with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies. Methods: A systematic search of meta-analyses and/or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interventions school-based prevention programs aimed at preventing alcohol consumption or changing the attitudes to consume alcohol. Results: A meta-analysis published in 2011 and 12 RCTs more recently published were identified. The meta-analysis evaluated 53 RCTs but only 11.3% of them were conducted in Europe. Globally, 23 RCTs (43.4%) showed some evidence of effectiveness, and 30 RCTs (56.6%) did not find significant difference between the groups. According to the conclusions of the meta-analysis, the Unplugged program should be considered as a practice option in Europe. Among the other 12 RCTs, 42% were conducted in Europe. Globally, 7 studies (58.3%) achieved positive results, and 5 studies (41.7%) did not find significant differences or produced a mixed pattern of results. Three of the 5 European trials (60%) used the Unplugged program with positive results. Conclusion: Even if further studies should be conducted to confirm these results, Unplugged appears to be the prevention project with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies

Mathematical modeling on gas turbine blades/vanes under variable convective and radiative heat flux with tentative different laws of cooling

In the last twenty years the modeling of heat transfer on gas turbine cascades has been based on computational fluid dynamic and turbulence modeling at sonic transition. The method is called Conjugate Flow and Heat Transfer (CHT). The quest for higher Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) to increase electrical efficiency makes radiative transfer the more and more effective in the leading edge and suction/ pressure sides. Calculation of its amount and transfer towards surface are therefore needed. In this paper we decouple convection and radiation load, the first assumed from convective heat transfer data and the second by means of emissivity charts and analytical fits of heteropolar species as CO2 and H2O. Then we propose to solve the temperature profile in the blade through a quasi-two-dimensional power balance in the form of a second order partial differential equation which includes radiation and convection. Real cascades are cooled internally trough cool compressed air, so that we include in the power balance the effect of a heat sink or law of cooling that is up to the designer to test in order to reduce the thermal gradients and material temperature. The problem is numerically solved by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and, subsequently, some numerical simulations are also presented

Structure and Evolution of the Envelopes of Deeply Embedded Massive Young Stars

The physical structure of the envelopes around a sample of fourteen massive (1000-100,000 solar L) young stars is investigated on 100- 100,000 AU scales using maps and spectra in submillimeter continuum and lines of C17O, CS and H2CO. The total column densities and the temperature profiles are obtained by fitting self-consistent dust models to submillimeter photometry. Both the molecular line and dust emission data indicate density gradients ~r^{-alpha}, with alpha=1.0-1.5, significantly flatter than the alpha=2.0 generally found for low-mass objects. This flattening may indicate that in massive young stellar objects, nonthermal pressure is more important for the support against gravitational collapse, while thermal pressure dominates for low-mass sources. We find alpha=2 for two hot core-type sources, but regard this as an upper limit since in these objects, the CS abundance may be enhanced in the warm gas close to the star.Comment: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal. 54 pages including 14 figures Revised version with references adde